These were: regulation of the social order or dharma, economic resources or artha, physical pleasures or kama, and… The basis of the school's philosophy is that all objects in the physical universe are reducible to a finite number of atoms , and Brahman is regarded as the fundamental force that causes consciousness in these atoms. , and it is atomist and pluralist in nature. 3. During the Vedic period, philosophy was defined in the light of the nature of soul/Atman and Brahman who was the representative of the ultimate reality. It meant deliverance from the cycle of birth and death, which was first recommended by Gautama Buddha. Later these concepts gave rise to 6 different schools of philosophy and fall in the category of the orthodox system. Founded by Kapila who wrote Samkhya sutra Nyaya Philosophy: The Basis of Indian Logic by Stoic Sadhu English 3 months Page 5/22. An eminent, great sage Kapila was the founder of the Samkhya School. Philosophy as practical necessity to lead the best life possible. His philosophy was based on inclusion, where anyone irrespective of caste and creed could join the Sri Vaishnava fold. Philosophy optional strategy. Salvation or moksha became the central subject of the texts on darshana or philosophy. Main Materialistic philosophy (Samkhya & Vaisheshika) —> denies working of divine & supernatual, makes man centre of all activities a.k.a. It is utmost important to have adequate test practice. By the beginning of the Christian era, six schools of philosophy developed. ... Nyaya is probably the closest Indian equivalent to contemporary analytic philosophy of west. Many of the movements and saints who gained prominence in that era are still revered and have an effect on many people’s religious lives. Philosophy in Medieval India for UPSC Medieval India saw the rise of the Bhakti and the Sufi movements and along with it, a big churn in the way people viewed God and religion. ideas derived from commo people —> underlined imp of intimate contact with world & lack of belief in other world Sample Material of UPSC Mains Philosophy (Optional) Study Kit Topic: Indian Philosophy (Samkhya) Samkhya is one of the most prominent and one of the oldest of Indian philosophies. These were known as Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa, and Vedanta. Vaisheshika: The Vaisheshika school was founded by Kanada in the 6th Century B.C. He mastered the Vedas, the Vedangas, the 4000 Divya Prabhanda (collection of 4,000 Tamil verses) and all the existing schools of Indian philosophy such as Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Purva Mimamsa, Yoga and Sankhya by the age of twenty. Major philosophical thinkers and schools: Six Schools of Indian Philosophy Once the state and the varna-divided social order had been firmly established, the ancient thinkers advocated that a person should strive for the attainment of four goals. Vaisheshika. Vaisheshika (Kanada): The basis of the school’s philosophy is that all objects in the physical universe are reducible to a finite number of atoms and Brahman is regarded as the fundamental force that causes consciousness in these atoms. This will help you with time management. UPSC Philosophy Syllabus PDF:-Download Syllabus PDF. Samkhya. Lokayata i.e. Before we discuss the section-wise strategy for philosophy optional, certain things must be kept in mind. Vaisheshika system is considered as the realistic and objective philosophy of universe. We examine some aspects of Vaisheshika darshana (The philosophy of particularities) as developed by Kanada and make a comparative analysis with modern particle physics. 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